Which political concept believes in a struggle between the proletariat and bourgeois?

The correct answer, which highlights the struggle between the proletariat (working class) and the bourgeois (capitalist class), is rooted in Marxism. This political and economic theory, founded by Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels, posits that society is fundamentally divided by class conflict. In Marxist thought, the proletariat is exploited by the bourgeoisie, who own the means of production. The theory suggests that this ongoing struggle is a driving force for societal change, ultimately leading to the overthrow of capitalism and the establishment of a classless society.

This concept is central to Marxism as it emphasizes historical materialism and class dynamics as key drivers of societal development. The belief in revolution and the necessity of collective action among the working class to achieve social and economic equality is foundational to Marxist ideology. Thus, it is through the lens of Marxism that one can best understand the dynamics of class struggle as a fundamental aspect of political and social theory.