Which philosophical theory emphasizes the role of individual liberty and limited government?

Liberalism is a philosophical theory that places a strong emphasis on individual liberty, autonomy, and the importance of limited government intervention in the lives of citizens. The core tenet of liberalism is the belief that individuals should have the freedom to pursue their own lives and interests without excessive interference from the state. This doctrine advocates for a government that is accountable, operates under the rule of law, and protects individual rights, particularly in areas such as free speech, property rights, and personal choice.

Liberalism emerged during the Enlightenment and has significantly influenced modern democratic societies, advocating for civil rights and the separation of powers within government structures to prevent tyranny. Its emphasis on individualism and personal freedoms sets it apart from other philosophical ideologies that may prioritize collective goals or central authority.