Which of the following philosophies emphasizes harmony with nature and the cosmos?

The philosophy that emphasizes harmony with nature and the cosmos is Taoism. Originating in ancient China, Taoism centers around the idea of living in accordance with the Tao, or "the Way," which signifies the fundamental nature of the universe. This philosophy encourages individuals to strive for a balanced and harmonious existence by aligning themselves with the natural rhythms of life and the cosmos. The principles of Taoism advocate for simplicity, humility, and the appreciation of the interconnectedness of all things.

While Confucianism focuses more on societal values and ethical behavior in human relationships, and Shintoism emphasizes rituals and the worship of kami (spirits) in nature, neither prioritizes the intrinsic harmony found in the natural world to the extent that Taoism does. Hinduism, while also recognizing the importance of nature, largely revolves around a complex system of beliefs, deities, and cultural practices. Taoism's core philosophy distinctly emphasizes the harmonious flow of life and the unity between humanity and the cosmos.