Which of the following is NOT one of the legacies of the Byzantine Empire?

The establishment of the Feudal System is not a legacy of the Byzantine Empire. The Byzantine Empire, which lasted from approximately 330 to 1453 CE, was characterized by a complex bureaucratic government and a socio-economic structure that differed greatly from the feudal systems that emerged in Western Europe during the Middle Ages. Instead, by the time the feudal system took shape in the West, the Byzantine Empire was continuing to develop its own unique form of governance and societal organization, which included centralized authority and an emphasis on imperial rule rather than the decentralized power structures typical of feudalism.

In contrast, the preservation of ancient Greek literature reflects the Byzantine Empire's role as a critical custodian of classical knowledge, especially during periods when such works were neglected in Western Europe. The empire's legal traditions, particularly the formulation of the Justinian Code, contributed to the foundation of legal frameworks in many modern nations, especially those influenced by Roman law. Lastly, the Byzantine Empire played a significant role in shielding the Western European territories from various eastern invasions, particularly during the formative periods of Islam's expansion, thus maintaining a form of continuity for Western civilization. These aspects are all crucial components of the Byzantine legacy, further emphasizing why the feudal system is not included in