Which civilization was the first to develop irrigation techniques?

The Sumerians are recognized as one of the earliest civilizations to develop irrigation techniques, which played a crucial role in their agricultural success and overall societal development. Located in the fertile region of Mesopotamia, between the Tigris and Euphrates rivers, the Sumerians faced the challenge of inconsistent water supply due to seasonal flooding. To manage this, they created an extensive network of canals and dikes that allowed them to divert river water to their fields.

This innovative system of irrigation not only improved crop yields but also enabled the Sumerians to support a larger population and develop urban centers, leading to advancements in various areas such as trade, writing, and governance. The ability to harness water through these techniques was foundational to their civilization, setting the stage for subsequent societies in the region, including the Babylonians and Egyptians, who also developed their own irrigation practices later on.