Which ancient culture's contributions include the invention of the decimal system?

The Babylonian civilization is credited with significant advancements in mathematics, particularly the development of a base-60 numeral system that laid essential groundwork for the decimal system. However, while they used a complex system of sixty, it was the later contributions of other cultures that more directly influenced the decimal system as we know it today.

The Mayans also had a profound impact on numerical systems, being known for their use of a base-20 (vigesimal) system. Their mathematical concepts included the use of zero and advanced techniques for astronomical calculations, which are noteworthy, but they didn't invent the decimal system.

The Egyptians contributed to mathematics through their use of fractions and rudimentary arithmetic but did not develop a decimal system. Their number system was more focused on hieroglyphic representations of numbers, which were quite different from the decimal system.

The Greeks made substantial contributions to mathematics and philosophy; however, their numeral system wasn’t based on place value and did not utilize a decimal system in the way it is recognized today.

Therefore, while the Babylonians did not invent the decimal system per se, they played a crucial role in early numerical concepts and mathematical frameworks that influenced future developments in numeral systems, including the decimal system.