Which ancient civilization's legal traditions greatly influenced future legal systems?

The Roman civilization's legal traditions significantly influenced future legal systems, particularly in the context of Western legal thought. The Romans developed a sophisticated system of law that included concepts such as legal rights, citizen's rights, and codification of laws. The Twelve Tables, established in the mid-5th century BCE, marked one of the earliest written legal codes and laid the groundwork for later legal frameworks. Furthermore, the Corpus Juris Civilis, compiled under the Emperor Justinian in the 6th century CE, served as a foundational text for many European legal systems and provided a codified collection of Roman law that is still referenced in modern law.

Roman legal principles, including the importance of legal precedent and equity, have been integrated into various legal traditions worldwide. The legacy of Roman law is evident in civil law systems, which dominate many countries today, contrasting with common law systems rooted in English law. This pervasive influence underscores the Romans' lasting impact on legal principles and practices that continue to shape contemporary legal systems.