Which ancient civilization is credited with the discovery of the principle of zero in mathematics?

The Mayas are credited with the discovery of the principle of zero in mathematics, which represents a significant advancement in numerical systems. Their use of a placeholder for zero enabled them to carry out complex calculations and represent large numbers effectively. The Maya civilization developed a vigesimal (base-20) number system that included the concept of zero as a distinct numeral, allowing them to express values more precisely and facilitating various mathematical calculations.

While other ancient civilizations, such as the Babylonians, had developed sophisticated number systems, their representation of zero was more of a positional placeholder rather than a fully conceptualized number. The Greeks and Romans also did not have a formalized notion of zero in their numerical systems, which limited their mathematical capabilities. The introduction of zero by the Mayas played a crucial role in the evolution of mathematics and laid the groundwork for further developments in the field.