What was one significant consequence of the Renaissance, Enlightenment, Commercial, and Industrial Revolutions for people in Africa?

One significant consequence of the Renaissance, Enlightenment, Commercial, and Industrial Revolutions for people in Africa was the systemic theft and selling of individuals as a cheap labor force, which is accurately reflected in the selected answer. During these periods, there was a heightened demand for labor, particularly in the Americas, leading to the transatlantic slave trade. This horrific practice resulted in the forced removal of millions of Africans from their homelands, who were captured or sold into slavery, primarily to work in plantations and mines. The impacts of this trade were devastating, not only contributing to the loss of population but also deeply disrupting African societies, economies, and cultures.

The other consequences listed do not convey the same level of significance in terms of widespread and immediate impact on African people during those historical epochs. Political representation was largely nonexistent for many African societies during these revolutions, as colonial powers exerted control. While trade routes may have expanded, they often facilitated the slave trade rather than benefiting the local economies of African regions. Improvements to local economies were minimal at best during these revolutions, as the focus on extractive industries and the slave trade did not provide long-term economic benefits to African populations.