What philosophical approach became prominent during the Renaissance that emphasized the study of human potential and achievements?

Humanism emerged as a defining philosophical movement during the Renaissance, focusing on the potential and achievements of human beings. This approach marked a significant shift from the predominantly religious and medieval frameworks of the Middle Ages. Humanists emphasized the importance of education, classical texts from ancient Greece and Rome, and the value of individual experience and reason. They believed that by studying the humanities—literature, philosophy, history, and the arts—individuals could cultivate their intellect and moral character, thus leading to the betterment of society.

The movement encouraged a more secular worldview, facilitating innovation in various fields such as art, literature, and science. Figures like Petrarch and Erasmus are often associated with humanism due to their works that highlighted human potential and critical thinking. Overall, humanism helped lay the groundwork for the modern understanding of human nature, the value of the individual, and the importance of empirical observation, which continue to influence contemporary thought.