What is the primary function of the electoral college in the United States?

The primary function of the electoral college in the United States is to elect the president. Established in the Constitution, the electoral college consists of electors assigned to each state based on its representation in Congress. During a presidential election, citizens cast their votes for their preferred candidate, but technically they are voting for a slate of electors pledged to that candidate. The electors then formally cast their votes for president and vice president. This mechanism was designed to balance the influence of populous states with less populous ones, ensuring that all parts of the country have a say in the selection of the nation's leader. The process underscores the unique federal structure of the U.S. government, making the electoral college a critical component of the presidential election system.