What is the name of the small temple in Islam located in Mecca?

The small temple in Islam located in Mecca is called the Kaaba. It is a significant site as it is considered the holiest structure in Islam, situated within the Masjid al-Haram (the Grand Mosque). Muslims around the world face the Kaaba during their daily prayers, and it is the focal point of the Hajj pilgrimage, which is one of the Five Pillars of Islam that every Muslim is expected to undertake at least once in their lifetime if financially and physically able.

The other options refer to different places of worship or religious structures associated with other religions. A synagogue is a place of worship for Jews, a cathedral is a principal church of a diocese in Christianity, and a pagoda is a tiered tower with multiple eaves commonly found in Asian countries, often associated with Buddhist practices. These terms represent different faiths and cultural traditions, contrasting the central importance of the Kaaba in Islam.