What best describes the Sumerians?

The Sumerians are best described by their early advancements in written language, specifically the invention of cuneiform around 3200 BCE. This system was one of the first forms of writing and played a crucial role in the administration, trade, and culture of ancient Sumer. The ability to record information allowed for the documentation of transactions, laws, literature, and historical events, which significantly contributed to the development of complex societies.

While the Sumerians also made notable contributions in areas such as science, trade, and art, their impact on written communication is often viewed as one of the most significant. Their innovations in writing laid the groundwork for future civilizations and provided a means of preserving knowledge across generations. This achievement fundamentally changed the way human societies interacted, governed, and expressed their thoughts and ideas, marking a critical turning point in human history.