Under whose reign is the golden age of art and literature in India considered to have occurred?

The golden age of art and literature in India is attributed to the reign of Shah Jahan, particularly during the Mughal Empire in the 17th century. This period is especially noted for its architectural achievements, the most famous being the Taj Mahal, which exemplifies the exquisite craftsmanship and aesthetics of Mughal architecture. Aside from architecture, Shah Jahan's reign also saw the flourishing of literature, painting, and the overall cultural development that greatly influenced the subcontinent's artistic heritage. The royal patronage under his rule allowed artists and poets to thrive, creating masterpieces that are celebrated to this day.

While Ashoka is known for his role in promoting Buddhism and implementing welfare policies, and Akbar is remembered for his policies of religious tolerance and administrative reforms, neither of their reigns match the cultural richness associated with Shah Jahan's era. Chandragupta, as the founder of the Maurya Empire, laid the foundations of one of India's first great empires, but his reign is earlier and more focused on political establishment than on cultural flourishings like those seen under Shah Jahan. Thus, the recognition of Shah Jahan's time as a golden age is well-deserved, marking a peak in India's artistic and literary accomplishments.