The legacy of which civilization includes contributions to astronomy and geometry?

The contributions of the Egyptians to astronomy and geometry are well-documented and have significantly influenced later civilizations. The Egyptians developed a calendar based on their observations of the stars and celestial bodies, which helped them to predict the annual flooding of the Nile River—a key event for agricultural planning. Their understanding of the solar cycle and the phases of the moon also reflects a sophisticated grasp of astronomical principles.

In terms of geometry, the Egyptians implemented geometric principles in various aspects of their civilization, including architecture, farming, and land surveying. The construction of the pyramids and other monumental structures required precise mathematical calculations, showcasing their advanced understanding of space and measurement. They also created a system of geometry that allowed them to divide land accurately, especially following the flooding of the Nile when land boundaries would often shift.

Through tools, artifacts, and written records, the impact of Egyptian advancements in these fields can be seen in their lasting influence on later cultures, including those of the Greeks and Romans. This legacy underscores the significance of Egyptian civilization in the realms of science and mathematics.