Marxism posits that which two groups are in constant conflict?

Marxism is a socio-economic theory developed by Karl Marx, which emphasizes the struggle between different classes in society. The core idea is that the relationship between workers and owners—often referred to as the proletariat (workers) and the bourgeoisie (owners of the means of production)—is characterized by inherent conflict. This conflict arises from the exploitation of labor, where the owners profit from the work of the laborers while paying them less than the value they create.

Marx believed that this class struggle was a driving force behind social change and could ultimately lead to a revolution where the working class would rise against the capitalist system. By understanding this conflict, one gains insight into many historical and contemporary social movements, labor relations, and the development of capitalist and socialist societies.

The other options do not capture the essence of Marxist theory. For example, the relationship between employers and customers is primarily a transactional one, while the dynamic between governments and citizens encompasses a wide range of political and social issues that extend beyond class conflict. Finally, the relationship between teachers and students involves educational power dynamics rather than the economic antagonism central to Marxist thought.